as adsorption , flocculation, electro-coagulation and flotation (Zouboulis, et al., 2000). tank. 4.5 Design of Sedimentation tanks 4.5.2 Flocculent Sedimentation ( type 2 and 3): The design procedure for sedimentation tanks of type 2 and 3 are the same as type 1. RAPID MIXING DESIGN Design parameters for rapid-mix units are mixing time t and velocity gradient G. The velocity gradient is a measure of the relative velocity of two particles of fluid and the distance between. The aim of coagulation is to destabilise a colloidal solution, so that polluting matter can bunch together to form floccules. The design flow for a water treatment plant (WTP) is 1 MGD (3.8x103 m3/d). In some cases, the use of a coagulant or flocculant is sufficient to form settleable and floating floccules. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. Coagulation / flocculation is a widely-used process in the primary purification of water and in industrial wastewater treatment. When coagulants are added, the stabilised colloidal system of water is disturbed and the coagulant forms primary flocculation particles. You should have at least 4 different samples that can range in dose from 0 mL to 5 mL of alum solution. Non-settleable particles in water are removed by the use of coagulating chemicals. V W P G G = velocity gradient, sec-1 W = power imparted per unit volume of basin, N-m/s-m3 P = power imparted, N-m/s The results confi rmed that the method used to design certain parameters of the tank are fairly accurate. Flocculation. A common use of coagulation and flocculation for wastewater treatment is in the galvanic industry. 50 -60 sec-1 in 2nd tank. Design of Rapid, Although upflow units may provide more efficient sedimentation than horizontal designs, many upflow clarifiers compromise on the rapid and slow mix sequences. Design a procedure to determine the proper flocculant dose. Destabilization of colloids by addition of chemicals. Flocculation is the step where destabilized colloidal particles (or the particles formed during the coagulation step) are assembled into aggregates. Coagulation Removal of TSS by coagulation Removal of TSS, (total suspended solids) from waste water. Figure 1 depicts the coagulation process in the resident tank by the diagonal lines. efficiency of coagulation and flocculation process along with chemical sequestration in the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from automotive industry sewage. 2. Exit to the sedimentation tank entrance channel Design Considerations •The length of the flocculator channels matches the length of the sedimentation tank •Width of the flocculation channel? Basic principle of flocculation: The flocculation step can only operate on a water/wastewater where the particles are already destabilized. The rapid mixing tank will have a mechanical mixer and the average alum dosage will be 30 mg/L. Determine the following: Most galvano companies generate wastewater containing metal ions. Key Difference – Coagulation vs Flocculation in Water Treatment Water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. - The length of the tank was chosen as 1 m and the corresponding depth to provide a volume of 5.70 m3 was determined to be 3.00 m. The depth was checked to be between 1.1-1.6 times the width of the tank, as per normal design standards. When a salt of Al(III) and Fe(III) is added to water, it dissociates to yield trivalent ions, which hydrate to form aquometal complexes Al(H 2 O) 6 3+ and Fe(H 2 O) 6 3+ . Sweep flocculation is the primary The gentle mixing is usually done mechanically although hydraulic mixing is sometimes required. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1. Coagulation in Water Treatment Salts of Al(III) and Fe(III) are commonly used as coagulants in water and wastewater treatment. Flocculation Compute the power requirements for a 100 gallon tank mixing water at a velocity gradient of 40 fps/ft: 2 3 5 2 ft. lb. Flocculation Removal of TSS by flocculation Agglomeration of destabilised particles to a large size particles known as flocs , can be effectively removed by sedimentation or flotation. Coagulation uses salts such as aluminum sulfate (alum) or ferrous of ferric (iron) salts, which bond to the suspended particles, making them less stable in suspension, i.e., more likely to settle out. Preliminary Treatment: Silt Excluder Design; Sedimentation Tank Design; Coagulation - Flocculation Theory; Rapid Mixing, Coagulation - Flocculation; Coagulation - Flocculation; Filtration Theory; Rapid Sand Filtration; Disinfection; Municipal Water Treatment Plant Design Details. In the coagulation process, chemicals are added which will It is the logical step following coagulation. Water quality can change frequently and operators must ensure they are on top of changing conditions. An operator cannot just set a dose and “hope” everything works out. Optimum retention time in pilot unit is equal to 2.5 h compared to 3.5 h for conventional chemical treatment. In addition, the two mixing stages for coagulation and flocculation take place within the same clarification tank. Therefore, it is perfect when managing very delicate applications, where the fluid needs to be handled very gently and carefully. The theoretical mean hydraulic detention time of the tank will be 1 minute. first process in drinking water treatment, coagulation, is to destabilize the particles and allow them the potential to collide and stick together. Coagulation, Flocculation, Sedimentation 1. Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. - Two baffles were chosen … Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. •Minimum? Use the Flocculation and Sedimentation Protocol in your design. The purpose of coagulation and flocculation is to remove particulate impurities, especially non-settleable solids and colour from the water being treated. This method has a preference in the primary purification processes mainly due to the ease 20-30 sec-1 in 3rd tank Design Considerations of Flocculation: Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. View 3 Coag+Flocc 1.pdf from CIVE 4407 at Carleton University. That is why Premium is specific for flocculation. Flocculation … 1.2.1. In case of tapered flocculation, which is often a preferred option in efficient and energy-saving flocculation process, G values can be set as follows: 100 sec-1 in 1st tank. A combined unit in which process of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation, has been designed and operated utilizing hydraulic mixing. The coagulation and flocculation process requires a great amount of attention to detail along the way. This design is aimed to prevent the fluid coming out from one blade to immediately meet the second blade. The difference is mainly in the overflow rate (v 0) .The following table gives the design criteria of these two types. Design criteria for Mechanical flocculator are furnished below. The currents can be beneficial in that they promote flocculation of the particles. Detention times for flocculation = 20 to 60 minutes; Shape of the tank = Circular or rectangular; Depth of the tank = 3 to 4.5m; Total area of paddles = 10 to 25% of the vertical cross-sectional area of the tank; Velocity gradient, G = 20 to 75 / s s ft. = 40 2 10 100 s ft. ft. 7.48 P gallons gallon P =0.427lbf s = 0.58 watts 1.355818 =0.427 P lbf watts s lbf s CIVL 1112 Water Treatment - Coagulation and Flocculation 6/7 A. WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES – COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Analyse the chemistry of coagulation … View Design of Coagulation Rapid Mixing System(1).pdf from AA 1Design of Coagulation & Flocculation Processes Rapid Mixing System Draft Lecture Notes Contents Prelim. tank. _____ •Material limitations (polycarbonate or concrete) •Vary to optimize flocculation … The rapid mixing and flocculation tank together bring about aggregation and comprises the coagulation process. 544 9 Coagulation and Flocculation the coagulation and flocculation processes. Typical detention time is 1 hour. Coagulation and Flocculation Cost NCF 4.8 or 5 units Project 1 – Treatment Cost The total yearly cost of the coagulation and flocculation system for 20 MGD is: $25,000 5 CF year Cost 7 9.462×10-5 kg 2 10 gal 365 days $0.25 gal day year kg Coagulation and Flocculation Cost $297,691 Project 1 – Treatment Cost Sedimentation System Cost A jar test simulates the coagulation and flocculation processes Fill the jars with raw water sample (500 or 1000 mL) – usually 6 jars Adjust pH of the jars while mixing using H 2 SO 4 or NaOH/lime (pH: 5.0; 5.5; 6.0; 6.5; 7.0; 7.5) Add same dose of the selected coagulant (alum or iron) to each jar •The mixture is slowly stirred to induce particles to clump together into “flocs.” •The water is then moved into a quiet sedimentation basin to settle out the Alum solution ) is 1 MGD ( 3.8x103 m3/d ) particles formed the... Settleable and floating floccules be 30 mg/L, et al., 2000.... 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