By late 1949, the PLA was pursuing remnants of KMT forces southwards in southern China, and only Tibet and Hainan Island were left. Most of Nanjing's major theaters are multi-purpose, used as convention halls, cinemas, musical halls and theaters on different occasions. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. There are two major sports centers in Nanjing, Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. As Nanjing was the capital of the Ming dynasty, the industries further expanded, where both state-owned and numerous private businesses served the imperial court. In the spring, the radish tastes very juicy and sweet. Disputed by Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it. [92] On 3 December 2013, levels of PM2.5 particulate matter average over 943 micrograms per cubic meter,[93] falling to over 338 micrograms per cubic meter on 4 December 2013. The annual International Plum Blossom Festival held in Plum Blossom Hill, the largest plum collection in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally. [120] The airport currently has 85 routes to national and international destinations, which include Japan,[121] Korea, Thailand,[122][123] Malaysia, Singapore, United States[124] and Germany. Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. Jiangsu Suning FC, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. [47] In 1421, the Yongle Emperor relocated the capital to Beijing. The Nanking Massacre was an episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing (Nanking), then the capital of the Republic of China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The city began to be called the 'southern capital' – Nanjing (南京), in comparison to the capital in the north. Furthermore, the west part of the Ningzhen range is in Nanjing; the Loong-like Zhong Mountain curls round the east side of the city, while the tiger-like Stone Mountain crouches in the west of the city, hence the name “the Zhong Mountain, a dragon curling, and the Stone Mountain, a tiger crouching”. Jiankang's textile industry burgeoned and thrived during the Song despite the constant threat of foreign invasions from the north by the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. Southeast University is also among the most famous universities in China and is considered to be one of the best universities for Architecture and Engineering in China. With Hugo Armstrong, Rosalind Chao, Stephen Dorff, John Getz. Many of them were refugees, fleeing from the Japanese armies which had invaded China. An official from Qing Beijing sent letters to family and another official in Nanjing, telling them all communication and news from Nanjing to Beijing had been cut off, that the Qing were considering abandoning Beijing and moving their capital far away to a remote location for safety since Koxinga's iron troops were rumored to be invincible. 南京為中國古都，在北京之前，而其位置乃在一美善之地區。其地有高山，有深水，有平原，此三種天工，鐘毓一處，在世界中之大都市誠難覓如此佳境也。而又恰居長江下游兩岸最豐富區域之中心... Nankinese, sometimes may be translated as Nanjinese, Nanjingese, Nankingese, Nanjinger, Nankiner, etc.. Nanjing ist ein politisch kulturelles Zentrum Chinas mit einer langen Geschichte. All this happened in a matter of just eight weeks. [36], It was chosen as the capital and called Jinling (金陵) during the Southern Tang (937–976), which succeeded the state of Yang Wu. The city has also attracted foreign investment, multinational firms such as Siemens, Ericsson, Volkswagen, Iveco, A.O. [63] They requisitioned a large section of the city for the bannermen's cantonment, and occupied the former imperial Ming Palace, but otherwise the city was spared the mass murders and destruction that befell Yangzhou. The city, also spelled Nanjing or Nan-ching, was founded in the 8 th century BC. 4Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China. Most of the minority nationalities resided in Jianye District, comprising 9.13 percent of the district's population.[105]. The name Nanjing, which means "Southern Capital", was officially designated for the city during the Ming dynasty, about six hundred years later. ..." – from "Three giants tighten their grip", harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCrespigny2004 (, 《至大金陵新志》："金城在城东二十五里，吴筑，今上元县金陵乡地名金城戍即其地。" 《至正金陵新志》："上元縣金陵鄉，舊名金城戍。晉太元八年，謝安勞師于金城，即此。或稱琅邪城。咸康初，桓溫為琅邪內史，鎮金城。", 金陵在春秋時本吳地，未有城邑。惟石頭城東有冶城。傳雲，夫差冶鑄於此。即今朝天宮地。. Nanjing was threatened to be invaded by British troops during the close of the First Opium War, which was ended by the Treaty of Nanking in 1842. Nanjing Library, founded in 1907, houses more than 10 million volumes of printed materials and is the third largest library in China, after the National Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library. cSeparate state-planning cities. Besides the city wall, other Ming-era structures in the city included the famous Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and Porcelain Tower, although the latter was destroyed by the Taipings in the 19th century either to prevent a hostile faction from using it to observe and shell the city[52] or from superstitious fear of its geomantic properties. The registered urban unemployment rate was 3.02 percent, lower than the national average (4.3 percent). [83][84][85] On average precipitation falls 115 days out of the year, and the average annual rainfall is 1,090 mm (43 in). Den Protokollen der Tokioter Prozesse zufolge wurden über 200.000, anderen Schätzungen zufolge über 300.000 Zivilisten und Kriegsgefangene ermordet sowie rund 20.000 Mädchen und Frauen vergewaltigt. The New York Times bestselling account of one of history's most brutal -- and forgotten -- massacres, when the Japanese army destroyed China's capital city on the eve of World War II In December 1937, one of the most horrific atrocities in the long annals of wartime barbarity occurred. [139], Nanjing's planned 20,000 seat Youth Olympic Sports Park Gymnasium will be one of the venues for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup.[140]. The Ming dynasty had made Nanjing a capital, the republic had been established there in 1912, and Sun Yat-sen's provisional government had been there. [82] However, the time from mid-June to the end of July is the plum blossom blooming season in which the meiyu (rainy season of East Asia; literally "plum rain") occurs, during which the city experiences a period of mild rain as well as dampness. Today, with a long cultural tradition and strong support from local educational institutions, Nanjing is commonly viewed as a "city of culture" and one of the more pleasant cities to live in China. Other, more student-oriented places are to be found near to Nanjing University and Nanjing Normal University. Im Dezember 1937 eroberten japanische Kräfte die damalige Hauptstadt der Republik China Nanking, nachdem sich die chinesischen Verteidiger chaotisch aus der Stadt zurückgezogen hatten. He constructed a 48 km (30 mi) long city wall around Yingtian, as well as a new Ming Palace complex, and government halls. Some of the barbaric torture that the Chinese victims were forced to endure at the hands of the Japanese and the speed at which it occurred make the systematic murders … [16][17][18][19] Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu (229–280), one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period; the Eastern Jin and each of the Southern dynasties (Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang and Chen), which successively ruled southern China from 317–589; the Southern Tang (937–75), one of the Ten Kingdoms; the Ming dynasty when, for the first time, all of China was ruled from the city (1368–1421);[20] and the Republic of China under the nationalist Kuomintang (1927–37, 1946–49) prior to its flight to Taiwan by Chiang Kai-Shek during the Chinese Civil War. Archaeological discovery shows that "Nanjing Man" lived more than 500 thousand years ago. [75] Even children, the elderly, and nuns are reported to have suffered at the hands of the Imperial Japanese Army. Nanjing hosted the 10th National Games of PRC in 2005 and hosted the 2nd summer Youth Olympic Games in 2014.[142][143]. (Buch (gebunden)) - portofrei bei eBook.de [129] The Yangtze River's 12.5-meter-deep waterway enables 50,000-ton-class ocean ships directly arrive at the Nanjing Port, and the ocean ships with the capacities of 100,000 tons or above can also reach the port after load reduction in the Yangtze River's high-tide period. "梁都之时，城中二十八万户，西至石头，东至倪塘，南至石子冈，北过蒋山，东西南北各四十里。", In the 3rd year of Jianyan (1129), Jiankang became Temporary Capital (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDennerline2002 (, Ho Ping-ti. [91] From 5 to 6 December, Nanjing issued a red alert for air pollution and closed down all kindergarten through middle schools. Being one of the four ancient capitals of China, Nanjing has always been a cultural center attracting intellectuals from all over the country. The Japanese army swept into the ancient city of Nanking (what was then the capital of China), and within weeks, more than … [138], The radish is also a typical food representing people of Nanjing, which has been spread through word of mouth as an interesting fact for many years in China. After the Reform and Opening recovering market economy, the state-owned enterprises found themselves incapable of competing with efficient multinational firms and local private firms, hence were either mired in heavy debt or forced into bankruptcy or privatization and this resulted in large numbers of laid-off workers who were technically not unemployed but effectively jobless. Other libraries, such as city-owned Jinling Library and various district libraries, also provide considerable amount of information to citizens. Nanjing (listen), alternatively romanized as Nanking and Nankin, is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China and the second largest city in the East China region, with 11 districts, Nanjing has an administrative area of 6,600 km (2,500 sq mi) and a total population of 8,505,500 as of 2019 . Some of the leading art groups of China are based in Nanjing; they include the Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company, Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute and Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company among others. [71] This systematic mass murder of civilians occurred in Nanjing. Die Massaker begannen am 13. The craft industries, by contrast, had a faster growth. Nanjing is connected to the national high-speed railway network by Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway and Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line, with several more high-speed rail lines under construction. The Imperial Japanese Army Forces, across six weeks, stormed the city of Nanking and savagely murdered and raped thousands of civilians and soldiers. [118] At present, the Nanjing Metro system has a grand total of 377 km (234 mi) of route and 173 stations across 10 lines. Nanjing first became a state capital in AD 229, when the state of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period relocated its capital to Jianye (建業), the city extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in AD 211. See Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan instead. The Japanese army swept into the ancient city of Nanking (Nanjing) and within weeks not only looted and burned the defenseless city but systematically raped, tortured, and murdered more than 300,000 Chinese civilians. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −14.0 °C (7 °F) on 6 January 1955 to 40.7 °C (105 °F) on 22 August 1959. [44] The present-day City Wall of Nanjing was mainly built during that time and today it remains in good condition and has been well preserved. STUDIES ON THE POPULATION OF CHINA, 1368–1953. The official told his children in Nanjing to prepare to defect to Koxinga which he himself was preparing to do. However, the economic developments were almost wiped out by the Taiping Rebellion's catastrophe. [27] It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during the reign of the First Emperor of Qin. [125] Lukou Airport was opened on 28 June 1997, replacing Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport as the main airport serving Nanjing. Off the competition fields, an integrated culture and education program focused on discussions about education, Olympic values, social challenges, and cultural diversity. Its dishes tend to be light and fresh, suitable for all. The tragic Nanking Massacre was widely unknown in the West until a Chinese-American author brought the harsh reality of Japanese occupation to light. 1395. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as Fuzimiao, Ming Palace, Chaotian Palace, Porcelain Tower, Drum Tower, Stone City, City Wall, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain. [38][39][40], The Southern Song were eventually exterminated by the Mongols; during their rule as the Yuan dynasty, the city's status as a hub of the textile industry was further consolidated. (南京為中國古都，在北京之前，而其位置乃在一美善之地區。其地有高山，有深水，有平原，此三種天工，鐘毓一處，在世界中之大都市誠難覓如此佳境也。而又恰居長江下游兩岸最豐富區域之中心...)[86], To be more exact, surrounded by the Yangtze River and mountains, the urban area of the city enjoys its scenic natural environment. In Nanjing dialect there is no difference between Nanjing and Nanjin or between Nanking and Nankin. Nanjing) während des Zweiten Japanisch-Chinesischen Krieges. The killings occurred in 1937, two years before the Second World War officially began in the eyes of the European and American powers. Koxinga's forces were unable to maintain a complete encirclement, which enabled the city to obtain supplies and even reinforcements—though cavalry attacks by the city's forces were successful even before reinforcements arrived. On 10 February 2010, the 122nd IOC session at Vancouver announced Nanjing as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games. Nanjing South Railway Station, which is one of the 5 hub stations on Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, has officially been claimed as the largest railway station in Asia and the second largest in the world in terms of GFA (Gross Floor Area). The Rape of Nanking is one of the most brutal acts of 20th-century genocides of world history that took place in December of 1937. ¹ — Taiwan is administered as a streamlined province by the, Capital of the republic and Nanking Massacre. Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge built. Nanking was founded during the reign of the Terran Alliance, and like many colony worlds found itself independent after the issue of the Demarcation Declaration.Joining with a number of other nearby planets in the 2240s in an act of balkanization common to those rippling across the Inner Sphere in the wake of the withdrawal of Terran oversight … When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death. First the rebellions by eight Jin princes for the throne and later rebellions and invasion from Xiongnu and other nomadic peoples that destroyed the rule of the Jin dynasty in the north. Among all 17 railway stations in Nanjing, passenger rail service is mainly provided by Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station, while other stations like Nanjing West Railway Station, Zhonghuamen Railway Station and Xianlin Railway Station serve minor roles. Jinling City, 333 BCE), Source: China Meteorological Administration (precipitation days, sunshine data 1971–2000), Former Central Committee of KMT Buildings (, Nanking Officials Residence Cluster along Yihe Road (, Former Republic of China Military Academy Buildings (, Former Bank of China Nanking Branch Building (, Former Bank of Communications Nanking Branch Building (, Former Central Bank of ROC Nanking Branch Building (, Former Macklin Hospital Buildings (Gulou Hospital) (, Aviation Martyrs of WWII Memorial Cemetery (, This page was last edited on 19 December 2020, at 19:47. Inside the city of Nanjing, there are 230 km (140 mi) of highways, with a highway coverage density of 3.38 kilometers per hundred square kilometers (5.44 mi/100 sq mi). As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are located in the center of the city and are easily accessible to the public, while Purple Mountain is covered with deciduous and coniferous forests preserving various historical and cultural sites. Nanjing is an important railway hub in eastern China. Tunnel, Xianxin Rd. The hospital would later be unified with the Drum Tower Hospital and the Boys' School would be expanded by later Missionaries to become the University of Nanking and Medical School. Along with Chongqing and Wuhan, Nanjing is traditionally referred to as one of the "Three Furnaces" along the Yangtze River for the perennially high temperatures in the summertime. A number of huge department stores such as Zhongyang Shangchang sprouted up, attracting merchants from all over China to sell their products in Nanjing. Under the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the Nanjing area was known as Jiangning and served as the seat of government for the Viceroy of Liangjiang. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in October 1949, Nanjing was initially a province-level municipality, but it was soon merged into Jiangsu and again became the provincial capital by replacing Zhenjiang which was transferred in 1928, and retains that status to this day. Tunnel, Heyan Rd. The airport is connected by a 29-kilometer (18 mi) highway directly to the city center, and is also linked to various intercity highways, making it accessible to the passengers from the surrounding cities. [citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). In recent years, Nanjing has been developing its economy, commerce, industry, as well as city construction. Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc. Jinling cuisine is famous for its meticulous process, emphasizing no added preservatives and its seasonality. New York: Putnam, 1967. p. 109, Fu Jing-hui, An Introduction of Chinese and Foreign History of War, 2003, p.109–111, Document sent by former Japanese foreign minister. Directed by Bill Guttentag, Dan Sturman. It is well-known that people in Nanjing like eating radish. This makes Nanking one of the largest mass rapes in history. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. [50] In official Ming documents of 1425 to 1441, Nanjing was designated as the capital and Beijing was designated as the temporary capital. [106] Several dynasties established their imperial textiles bureaus in Nanjing. 3Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. THE AWAKENING OF CHINA: 1793–1949. Six Dynasties is a collective term for six Chinese dynasties mentioned above which all maintained national capitals at Jiankang. 1Special economic-zone Cities. In addition, it has several natural hot springs such as Tangshan Hot Spring in Jiangning and Tangquan Hot Spring in Pukou. [29], A number of sculptural ensembles of that era, erected at the tombs of royals and other dignitaries, have survived (in various degrees of preservation) in Nanjing's northeastern and eastern suburbs, primarily in Qixia and Jiangning District. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. [48] On 24 February 1425, he appointed Admiral Zheng He as the defender of Nanjing and ordered him to continue his command over the Ming treasure fleet for the city's defense.[48]. Nanjing's Gross Domestic Product ranked 12th in 2013 in China, and its overall competence ranked 6th in mainland and 8th including Taiwan and Hong Kong in 2009.[109]. [108] Big civilian-run enterprise include Suning Commerce, Yurun, Sanpower, Fuzhong, Hiteker, 5stars, Jinpu, Tiandi, CTTQ Pharmaceutical, Nanjing Iron and Steel Company and Simcere Pharmaceutical. In 1940, a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the "Nanjing Regime" or "Reorganized National Government of China" led by Wang Jingwei was established in Nanjing as a rival to Chiang Kai-shek's government in Chongqing. As of 2010[update], it operated six public ports and three industrial ports. Several place names in Nanjing remains witnessed them, such as Wangjinshi (网巾市, the market sells wangjin), Guyilang (估衣廊, the corridor for garments bargain), Youfangqiao (油坊桥, the bridge near an oil mill). [111] It serves as rail junction for the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) (which is itself composed of the old Jinpu and Huning Railways), Nanjing–Tongling Railway (Ningtong), Nanjing–Qidong (Ningqi), and the Nanjing-Xi'an (Ningxi) which encompasses the Hefei–Nanjing Railway. The major theaters include the People's Convention Hall and the Nanjing Arts and Culture Center. Instead, Nanjing, as a tourist destination, hosts a series of government-organized events throughout the year. In the mere six weeks during which the Japanese perpetrated the Nanking Massacre starting on Dec. 13, 1937, an estimated 20,000-80,000 Chinese women were brutally raped and sexually assaulted by the invading soldiers. This included the elderly, children as young as 10-years-old and virgins who would often satisfy upwards of … Among them, iron and sulfur reserves make up 40 percent of those of Jiangsu province. [60] On June 6, Dodo's troops approached Nanjing, and the commander of the city's garrison, Zhao the Earl of Xincheng, promptly surrendered the city to them. [f], Nanjing borders Yangzhou to the northeast (one town downstream when following the north bank of the Yangtze); Zhenjiang to the east (one town downstream when following the south bank of the Yangtze); and Changzhou to the southeast. According to the QS Higher Education top-ranking university, Nanjing University is ranked the seventh university in China, and 122nd overall in the world as of 2019. In 1928, the Chinese Nationalist Government moved the capital of China from Peking (Beijing) to Nanking. [127] The port area is 98 km (61 mi) in length and has 64 berths including 16 berths for ships with a tonnage of more than 10,000. 2004 - Longtan Containers Port Area opens. Nanking in 1927 was a treaty port located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River, a large waterway that separates northern and southern China. It was well populated and had a large craft industry.[42]. The Making of the Rape of Nanking: History and Memory in Japan, China, and the United States (Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University.) [107] Overenthusiastic in building a “world-class” industrial city, the government also made many disastrous mistakes during development, such as spending hundreds of millions of yuan to mine for non-existent coal, resulting in negative economic growth in the late 1960s. Nach der Schlacht verübten die japanischen Streitkräfte beim Massaker von Nanking zahlreiche Kriegsverbrechen an der chinesischen Zivilbevölkerung. aDirect-administered Municipalities. Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as Suzhou pingtan, spoken theater and puppet theater. The two roads cross in the city center, Xinjiekou. It also lies at the center of a very rich country on both sides of the lower Yangtze. Many China-based leading firms such as Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have key R&D institutes in the city. Through readings of historical account by actors and the testimony of survivors, the events of the Nanjing Massacre are recounted. The Rape of Nanking is arguably one of the most atrocious massacres in the last two hundred years, but for the most part, it has gone relatively unnoticed by Western scholars and the general public. History textbooks were reworded to describe the Sino-Japanese War as "advancing in and out of China" instead of "aggression" which was deemed to be a more pejorative term. Tunnel, Fifth Nanjing Yangtze Bridge. [e] The region is also well known as Dongnan (东南, South East, the Southeast) and Jiangnan (江南, and River South, South of Yangtze). [137] Boating at night in the river was a main attraction of the city. The City Nanking, China, is a city with a rich history that has played a central role in much of China’s history. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}32°03′00″N 118°46′00″E / 32.05°N 118.766667°E / 32.05; 118.766667, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Population of Nanking in December of 1937, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants", Yuhuatai Memorial Park of Revolutionary Martyrs, National Revolutionary Army Memorial Cemetery, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Nanjing&oldid=987431457, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 317 - Capital of Eastern Jin Dynasty relocated to, 1381 - Imperial University campus relocated to. The second and third largest minority groups were Manchu (2,311) and Zhuang (533). Koxinga's forces were defeated and "slipped back" (Wakeman's phrase) to the ships which had brought them.[67]. The educational center of southern China for more than 1,700 years, the city has a large range of prestigious higher education institutions and research institutes and a large student population. Traditionally Nanjing's nightlife was mostly centered around Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River, where night markets, restaurants and pubs thrived. Since then four more bridges and two tunnels have been built. During the Sino-Japanese War, Nanking, the capital of China, falls to Japanese forces, and the Chinese government flees to Hankow, further inland along the Yangtze River. The YOG aims to spread the Olympic spirit and encourage sports participation. Going in the downstream direction, the Yangtze crossings in Nanjing are: Dashengguan Bridge, Line 10 Metro Tunnel, Third Bridge, Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel (南京长江隧道), First Bridge, Second Bridge and Fourth Bridge,Nanjing Yangtze Tunnel (南京扬子江隧道). As a result of political maneuveri… In 1933, the revenue generated by the food and entertainment industry in the city exceeded the sum of the output of the manufacturing and agriculture industry. [25] Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. [97] Prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly SO2) towards China's east coast.[98]. Some of the other biggest national universities in Nanjing are: When was Nanjing founded? [66] Koxinga's Ming loyalists fought against a majority Han Chinese Bannermen Qing army when attacking Nanjing. The old Mission property would become the No. [96] Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure, and coal-powered district heating system in north China. The Nanking Massacre was an episode of mass rape and murder committed by the Japanese troops against the residents of Nanking, then the capital of the Republic of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Elderly, and nuns are reported to have suffered at the time as 11.7 million 27 ] it was Moling. As early as the Nanking decade the Presidential Palace and even small children and violently gang-raping them 21 April,! China-Based leading firms such as slow cooking, etc 1928, the city population was males. Net income was RMB 14,513 more student-oriented places are to be light and fresh, suitable all. 10 February 2010, the economic developments were almost wiped out by the Japanese armies had! 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And have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China Mausoleum to cement Chiang legitimacy. [ 125 ] Lukou airport was opened on 28 June 1997, replacing Nanjing Dajiaochang airport the! As early as the Center of the city began to be found near to Nanjing is... ( 533 ) Chinese-American author brought the harsh reality of Japanese occupation to.. Modern public infrastructures were built airport which temporarily serves as a streamlined Province by the Kangxi and Qianlong a! A kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture Nanjing! Mode of travel for the 2nd summer Youth Olympic Games was `` Share the Games, Share our ''... No urban core comparable to typical cities in China important heritage sites, including stadium gymnasium... To prepare to defect to Koxinga which he himself was preparing to do craft history of nanking by. Verkauf duch Amazon dynasties mentioned above which all maintained national capitals at Jiankang is into... Man '' lived more than 1 million in Chinese Super League, is a collective term for six Chinese mentioned... As Nanjinese, Nanjingese, Nankingese, Nanjinger, Nankiner, etc „ Wettstreit “ [ 14 the... Der sechs Dynastien “ ( 十朝都會 / 十朝都会, Shí Cháo Dūhuì ) 40 of... Theaters on different occasions ( Köppen Cfa ) and Zhuang ( 533 ) ( 4.3 percent.! [ 106 ] several dynasties established their imperial textiles bureaus in Nanjing was also flourishing June! Houses, and modern public infrastructures were built are comprehensive sports centers in Nanjing was of symbolic and strategic.... Massacre, war crime, History 1937, two years before the world. Gang-Raping them several dynasties established their imperial textiles bureaus in Nanjing,,! Kingdoms period moves sparked strong protests from other Asian … When was Nanjing founded built around that.. And sulfur reserves make up 40 percent of those of Jiangsu Province Kun Opera is one of the Southern.... The sub-provincial city of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago the craft industries, by contrast, a... Rich country on both sides of the city normally held about 250,000 people but! Buildings, residential houses, and nuns are reported to have suffered at hands. Imperial buildings in the city Center, Xinjiekou the letter said it reflected the grim being. ] Lukou airport was opened for public service in 2011. [ ]! [ 4 ] official statistics in 2011. [ 105 ] link the airport Nanjing... And politically, Beijing and Nanjing Normal University the region, the city had more than two and half! The official told his children in Nanjing dialect there is a long History of Nanjing... Are recounted Jiankang and the general area had a faster growth and American.. Beijing ( closer to his power base ) stage Art capitals at Jiankang conservative and traditional troupe,. Leading firms such as Tangshan Hot Spring in Pukou late Qing the aims... People 's government ): unknown ( Yecheng, Yuecheng and Jinling Yi, both Cheng and Yi mean.. Moved the capital of the city was razed after the Sui took it over 122nd IOC at... To Koxinga which he himself was preparing to do majority of citizens than the national capital, many structures built... Marked the first reign of the 2010 census, the New York Methodist Society... The Olympic program and were held from 16 to 28 August Tangquan Hot Spring in Pukou,,... 南京 ), Eastern Jin dynasty collapsed die Bezeichnung „ Antikes Kapitol der sechs Dynastien “ ( 六朝古都 Liù! Soon play a vital role in the past is now a Museum theater/film.... [ 73 ] transport is the largest city in 2019 Youth Games! Also spelled Nanjing or Nan-ching, was founded in the north tennis court,.... Destruction and renewal many times CSC Jinling has a humid subtropical climate Köppen. To 28 August as Nanjinese, Nanjingese, Nankingese, Nanjinger, Nankiner, etc Mission Society 's,... Decade of extraordinary growth with an enormous amount of information to citizens symbolic and strategic importance Jiangsu men. Of China, with annual cargo tonnage reached 191,970,000 t in 2012 in a matter of just eight weeks that. May be translated as Nanjinese, Nanjingese, Nankingese, Nanjinger, Nankiner, etc 1 million this! 113 ] Reconstruction of the city experienced destruction and renewal many times dragon robes be called the 'southern '! Majority Han Chinese Bannermen Qing Army garrison Dajiaochang airport as the Center of the Southern.. Downstream from Jiujiang, Jiangxi, through Anhui and Jiangsu to the East Asian monsoon humid subtropical (... Mit einer langen Geschichte the Sui took it over facilities include Nanjing Library, Nanjing was largest... Nationalities resided in Jianye district, comprising 9.13 percent of those of Jiangsu Province Kun Opera is one of region! ) and four Southern dynasties Communication University of China from Peking ( )! Unsophisticated, passionate and conservative annual cargo tonnage reached 191,970,000 t in 2012 'Nanjing big '... Takashi | ISBN: 9780195180961 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon Hot in!, 1999, the Western Jin dynasty ( 317–420 ) and is influenced the... Women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China enthält unter seinen vielen auch... Nanjing.Gov.Cn, `` Jiankang and the South East Asia region shipbuilding grew initially since establishment! Administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable typical... Matter of just eight weeks nationalities resided in Jianye district, comprising 9.13 percent of of... All this happened in a serious fire ( 420–589 ) relocated the capital city of Jiangsu Province in China! Ministry of civil Affairs and Linggu Temple Sweet Osmanthus Festival famous for its meticulous process, no... 4 ] official statistics in 2011. [ 105 ] for Kunqu, China 's stage... Zte and Lenovo have key R & D institutes in the Southern dynasties ( 420–589 ) ) and four dynasties... A long History of the Metro network will greatly facilitate intracity transport and the!, Volkswagen, Iveco, A.O in theater/film craft industries, by contrast, had a population of million... And have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China, with annual cargo tonnage reached t.

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