Last update: 16 February 2019, Outline summary by Michael McGoodwin, prepared 1996. His invasion of Egypt leads Hdt. Overall Impression: This is a thoroghly enjoyable and entertaining Everybody should read the Histories by Herodotus. Herodotus, the Greek historian known as the Father of History, describes a debate on the three government types (Herodotus III.80-82), in which proponents of each type … Introduction. It is also noted that Herodotus’s Histories were actually recited at gatherings like the Olympic Games to entertain people. * Medes revolt & is united by Deioces ruling from Ecbatana (modern Iran) {704-647} * Abduction of Tyre (in Phoenicia) king's daughter Europa by Greeks (Cretans)  Moreover, it established the genre and study of history in the Western world (despite the existence of historical records and chronicles beforehand). Book 9 Summary. Written in 440 BC in the Ionic dialect of classical Greek, The Histories serves as a … In this section, Herodotus relates the invasion of the Greek mainland by the Persian king Xerxes in 480 B.C. Cambyses becomes king of the Persian Empire (530-522 BC). * Darius invades Scythia (N of the Black "Euxine" Sea & N of the Danube-Ister) [311]. The Histories was at some point divided into the nine books that appear in modern editions, conventionally named after the nine Muses. Numbers provided in square * Mardonius launches land force {492}, enslaves Macedonia, shipwrecks at Athos, returns ingloriously Herodotus (484-425 BCE) the Greek historian who wrote extensively on the Persian Empire, here describes Persian customs as they would have been practiced around the year 430 BCE at Susa and other Persian communities. 9.1", "denarius") All Search Options [view abbreviations] Home Collections/Texts Perseus Catalog Research Grants Open Source About … * Greeks attack Thebes because they had supported Persia The Egyptians in agreement with their climate, which is unlike any other, and with the river, which shows a nature different from all other rivers, established for themselves manners and customs in a way opposite to other men in almost all matters: for among them the women frequent the market and carry on trade, while the men remain at home and weave; and whereas others weave … * The road to Susa [376] * Aristagoras appeals to Athens [378]. Nechos, king of Egypt, sent Phoenicians to sail around Libya, back through the pillars of Herakles, into the Mediterranean and back to Egypt. BCE - c. The purpose is to prevent the traces of human events from being erased by time, and to preserve the fame of the important and remarkable achievements produced by both Greeks and non-Greeks; among the matters covered is, in particular, the cause of the hostilities between Greeks and non-Greeks. Herodotus will give his account, starting with the four nations between the two seas, then describing the Asian peninsula. He sees a great interconnectedness in the events of history and begins in mythical times in order to explain the roots of his own civilization and what led up to the Persian Wars. * Carians, Caunians, Lycians Herodotus. * Tale of Arion saved by the dolphin [42] A delightful new translation of what is widely considered the first work of history and nonfiction. * Harpagus incites Cyrus to revolt against Media {559} * Croesus inquires of status of Greek cultures to win friendship with- digression on Athenian Pisistratus [57-61] & Lacedaemonians/Spartans [61-5] * Croesus counsels Cyrus * Spartans prefer freedom to slavery [513] but Herodotus ascribes the saving of Greece to the Athenians [514] But there are also tales of love, passion, suffering, spirited debate, innovation and invention, heroism, devotion to duty, determination, and self-sacrifice- tales which can inspire and guide us even after these many centuries. Ἰστορίαι = The Histories, Herodotus The Histories of Herodotus is the founding work of history in Western literature. X comes to tears as he meditates on the shortness of life while viewing his great army and ships. Who can forget the despot Xerxes- ordering the waters of the Hellespont to be whipped and harnessed with a yoke of fetters (after a storm wrecks his vital bridge), or commanding that Pythias' son be sliced in half and left behind (after Pythias asks for the son's release from the army to care for him in his old age.) * Croesus ignores warning [65] Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c.480-c.429 BCE): Greek researcher, often called the world's first historian.In The Histories, he describes the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire under its kings Cyrus the Great, Cambyses, and Darius I the Great, culminating in Xerxes' expedition to Greece (480 BCE), which met with disaster in the naval engagement at Salamis and the battles at Plataea and Mycale. Greeks squabble. BCE - c. Overview (partially extracted from the Grene text and prepared for a woman's Reciprocal rapes of Europa and Medea by … Fehling, Detlev (1989). A stranger from Miletus once visited this Glaucus. The Medes(in the west of modern Iran) were the first to shake off the yoke of the The culture of the Scythians: religion, burial rites, Darius's failed attack on Scythia and consequent retreat, The story of the Minyæ (descendants of the, The reorganizing of the Athenian tribes by, Aristagoras's failed request for help from Sparta, and successful attempt with Athens, The burning of Sardis, and Darius's vow for revenge against the Athenians, The abandonment of the Ionian fleet by the, The defeat of the Ionian fleet by the Persians, The destruction of 300 ships in Mardonius's fleet near, The order of Darius that the Greeks provide him, The history behind Sparta having two kings and their powers, The arrest of the traitors in Aegina by Cleomenes and the new king, The suicide of Cleomenes in a fit of madness, possibly caused by his war with, The Spartans late arrival to assist Athens, The death of Miltiades after a failed attack on, The defeat of the Egyptian rebels by Xerxes. 3.50-3) These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Histories by Herodotus. The Histories is “a timeless masterpiece,” says one modern writer.“In it dwells not only history but anthropology, geography, theology, philosophy, political science, and tragic drama.” * Aristagoras dies in Thrace, * Histiaeus flees from Darius to Chios HERODOTUS. Opening alludes to Homer, suggests epic scale and purpose (memorialization). History of Athens Pisitratids Its title is simply The Histories. The History of Herodotus has been divided into the following sections: Book I [299k] Book II [249k] Book III [221k] Book IV [230k] Book V [162k] Book VI [174k] Book VII [286k] Book VIII [179k] * Xerxes vows to conquer Greece. Pausanius refuses to desecrate the body of Mardonius. * Athens-Aegina conflict {490-480}, war {488-6} * Xerxes retreats with his army, leaving Mardonius to winter in Thessaly and his ships to overwinter in Cyme and Samos The Greek historian Herodotus (490/480-425 B.C. * Skepticism of magic He describes the defeat of Mardonius’ … * Athenians besiege Sestos [88] * Battle of Salamis: Greeks debate their desperate situation [582], surrounded by the enemy at Salamis. Bridging the Bosporus with boats (Euxine Sea> Bosporos> Propontis> Hellespont). Herodotus tries in 700 pages to sum up all that a well-informed Greek such as himself could learn about the real world, at least its geography, nations, cultures, flora and fauna, and mythical origins. * Astyages (Median, rules {585-529}) fears a dream and marries his daughter to a Persian, Cambyses. THE HISTORY OF HERODOTUS BOOK I THE FIRST BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED CLIO This is the Showing forth of the Inquiry of Herodotus of Halicarnassos, to the end that[1] neither the deeds of men may be forgotten by lapse of time, nor the works[2] great and marvellous, which have been produced some by Hellenes and some by Barbarians, may * Egyptian religious beliefs [132] Hide browse bar Your current position in the text is marked in blue. * Tale of Scythians feeding Cyaxeres boy's meat and fleeing to Lydia [67] How the Egyptian Pharaoh Psammetichus (c. 660 BC) used child speech to research the question of which was the oldest civilization, and found it to be Phrygia (2). brackets or parentheses refer to the page numbers in this edition. * Megabazus lead invasion of Thrace [357], the "biggest nation of all" * Darius demands submission from Greeks- Aegina submits (gave earth and water) Theras of Lacedaemonia colonizes Thera (in Cyclades); Battus of Thera colonizes Libyan coast 7th century - Cyrene. Ruled at peak of Lydian empire from Sardis Problems of democracy and amateur fighters vs. Persian Military discipline [413]. * Atossa, Darius' wife, urges him to attack Greece. * Immortality of the soul through a 3000 yr cycle [185] * Sparta refuses to help Aristagoras invade Persia [375] * Themistocles advocates battle at Salamis rather than Isthmus of Corinth With lucid prose, Herodotus's account of the rise of … Despite all the praying and invocations to the gods, humans are the central subject of Herodotus’ Histories. X prefers to take risks. * Festivals of Bubastis, Ares, Busiris [158] * Persians attack Miletus. The Taurians [318], Neuri werewolves, Man-Eaters [319], Amazons [321], warrior women Sauromatians. Herodotus has a wonderful, gossipy style that makes reading these histories more fun than studying the rise of the Persian Empire and its clash with Greece—however, that’s exactly what readers will do in this engaging history, which is full of interesting digressions and asides. * Conflict between Cyrene and Libyans, Arcesilaus killed [343], his mother Pheretime appeals to Persian viceroy of Egypt Aryandes for help • The rapes of Io, Europa, and Medea, which motivated Paris to abduct Helen. Yet much of what he describes has apparently stood the test of time, particularly when it is recognized that Herodotus places great emphasis on the importance of myth as a shaper of civilizations, regardless of its objective "truth". Many of his "facts" are fantastical or bizarre (and can be enjoyed as fables or tall tales). Written in 440 BC in the Ionic dialect of classical Greek, The Histories serves as a record of the ancient traditions, politics, geography, and clashes of various cultures that were known in Western Asia, Northern Africa and Greece at that time. "Some demonstrably false source citations". The advice given to Xerxes on invading Greece: The dreams of Xerxes in which a phantom frightens him and Artabanus into choosing invasion, The preparations for war, including building the, The request by Pythius to allow one son to stay at home, Xerxes's anger, and the march out between the butchered halves of Pythius's son, The destruction and rebuilding of the bridges built by the, The siding with Persia of many Greek states, including, The destruction of 400 Persian ships due to a storm, The small Greek force (approx. Three generations ago, there was a Spartan by the name of Glaucus, who had a reputation all over the Greek world for being a particularly honest man. Scythians stay ahead of Darius [325] and taunt him [327]. BCE Herodotus was a resident of Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum in Turkey) and wrote The Histories of Herodotus, a Greek history of the Persian invasion of Greece in the early fifth century BCE. Pythius the Lydian asks to have his son left behind, and X orders he be cut in half. 450 B.C. * Animals [160]- hippos, crocs, Phoenix, winged serpents [163] * Campaign to Greece begun {480}. Mardonius' hubris. The Histories is “a timeless masterpiece,” says one modern writer.“In it dwells not only history … 2015. Books V–VIII by A. D. Godley translation with footnotes: This page was last edited on 23 November 2020, at 17:05. This version of The Histories is by A. D. Godley, first published in 1920. Herodotus’s History is an account of the Greco-Persian Wars (499–479 BCE) and the story of the growth and organization of the Persian empire. * Darius is enraged at Athenian victory and vows to march on Greece Herodotus portrays the conflict as one between the forces of slavery (the Persians) on the one hand, and freedom (the Athenians and the confederacy of Greek city-states which united against the invaders) on the other. * Storm wrecks 400 Persian ships on coast of Magnesia [537] Persians retreat to their fort and are massacred. The History of Herodotus By Herodotus Written 440 B.C.E Translated by George Rawlinson. * Oracle says a wall of wood and Salamis will save Athens- Themistocles orders ship building Again, the city is … Cambyses becomes king of the Persian Empire (530-522 BC). * Babylonian customs- compulsory sex at the temple of Aphrodite Europeans; Darius Fails To Conquer Scythia; Greek Colonies In Libya (Cyrene, Barca); Persia Invades … to Asia). A few of the characters and wonders in The Histories The tunnel of Samos The Behistun inscription Two presentations on the story of Gyges Aristeas of Proconnesus Periandros (Periander) Alkmeon Of Arms and the Man About The Histories The opening of “Herodotus” by Lucian of Samosata Ryszard Kapuściński's Travels with Herodotus Athenians are led by Miltiades son of Cimon and 11 other generals. * The Pythia clarifies the oracles [76-7] According to this account, what are the differences between the Greeks and the Persians? Athens appeals to Sparta [450], but they are preoccupied with a festival. * Persians pillage Phocis, Boeotia Medizes [568]. Megabates warns the Naxians. A Greek who lived in the fifth century BC, Herodotus was a pathfinder. {490}. The subsequent Trojan War is marked as a precursor to later conflicts between peoples of Asia and Europe. * 20 Persian satrapies summary- Indians eat their dead, ants as big as foxes, ... Artabazus flees. Women do not play much of a role in this book written some 2420 years ago [c. 425 BCE]. Spartans arrive too late to help Samos falls to Persia. 420(?) * Amasis {569} loved the Greeks and granted the town Naucratis, * Cambyses conquers Egypt and Amasis' son Psammenitus, ostensibly because Amasis sent him a spurious daughter for marriage. Known as the "Father of History," Herodotus (c. 484 – 424 B.C.E.) * Phraortes {647-625} If a new translation of Herodotus does not justify itself, it will hardly be justified in a preface; therefore the question whether it was needed may be left here without discussion. [402]. * Greeks peoples unite (mostly) [518] (Argos sides with Persia; Gelon of Syracuse (Sicily) refuses to help unless he can lead, which offends the Spartans, leading to his final refusal; Corcyra dissembles [528], Crete refuses) (8) Folly of empire building, hubris, and ignoring cautionary warnings, Mythical Origins of Conflict between Greeks and Asiatic peoples [2] Written in 430 BC in the Ionic dialect of classical Greek, The Histories serves as a record of the ancient traditions, politics, geography, and clashes of various cultures that were known in Greece, Western Asia and Northern Africa at that time. Greeks decide not to follow in pursuit. Persian Empire Expansions: 490 BC in Halicarnassus, in Asia Minor, to a prominent family, left, either exiled or a voluntary expatriate, when a tyranny was established in his city … * Babylonian rulers: Semiramis, Nitocris These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Histories by Herodotus. Hydarnes leads forces around the mountains to encircle the Greeks. Herodotus and the Ends of the World Herodotus, born ca. At the beginning of The Histories, Herodotus sets out his reasons for writing it: Here are presented the results of the enquiry carried out by Herodotus of Halicarnassus. * Croesus' son Atys killed by Adrastus accidentally in boar hunt, after Atys insists in going along. Ionians for the 3rd time are enslaved His family was wealthy and perhaps aristocratic, but while he was still quite young they were driven from the city by a tyrant named Lygdamis. Cicero called Herodotus "the father of history," and his only work, The Histories, is considered the first true piece of historical writing in Western literature. The Greek for “research” is historia, where our word “history” comes from ... Herodotus is a great historian. Cyprus revolts, defeated {497} [51] * Debate over whether to have a democracy or a tyranny [247]. Miltiades persuades the other generals to fight. * Persians envoys are slain in the court of the Macedonian king Amyntas [364] * Libyan colonial history [332]. * Ionian revolt: Begins in Naxos and Miletus: Aristagoras asks Artaphrenes of Persia to invade Naxos, led by Megabates. He is often referred to as "The Father of History… The Legacy of ‘The Histories’ Herodotus was a Greek writer and geographer credited with being the first historian. Although we have the benefit of hindsight, the map is – comparatively speaking – fairly accurate given the limitations of the 5th century B.C. The History of Herodotus By Herodotus Written 440 B.C.E Translated by George Rawlinson. How the Egyptian Pharaoh Psammetichus (c. 660 BC) used child speech to … * Egyptian revolt quelled The Histories essays are academic essays for citation. Scraps of History. * Xerxes wife Amestris' atrocities against Masistes' wife whom Xerxes had fallen in love with) * Cyrus threatens the 12 Ionian cities of Panionium, first attacking Phocaea (attack led by Harpagus)- they flee to Corsica.[107]. * A vision call Xerxes to war [474] and also comes to Artabanus called Herodotus the Father of History.. * Why does the Nile flood? * The captured King Psammenitus shows pity on a beggar [216] (7) Triumph of free peoples over slaves 485(?) The Histories incorporate folklore, legend, mythic motifs, and literary patterns in a grand narrative that reveals the influence of fate and the divine, as well as individual agency, in human affairs and emphasizes the instability of human happiness and fortune. Aristagoras attacks and burns Sardis. Summary of Herodotus This is a chapter-by-chapter summary, with occasional notes, of the Histories of Herodotus, based mostly on the translation by Peter Greene (1987), with occasional reference to translations by A.D. Godley (1920), Aubrey de Sélincourt (1954), and Andrea Purvis (2007), by Jonathan Good of Reinhardt University. * Scythian customs [302]- human sacrifice, scalping, blood oaths, funeral of the kings, cannabis, fear of Greek culture Ἰστορίαι = The Histories, Herodotus The Histories of Herodotus is the founding work of history in Western literature. It is in part a gripping and much revered tale of colossal confrontation between freedom-loving Greek-speaking peoples (the Athenians, Spartans, and others) and the seemingly unstoppable forces of the Persians. (1.1–5) The History of Herodotus has been divided into the following sections: Book I [299k] Book II [249k] Book III [221k] … 9.1", "denarius") All Search Options [view abbreviations] Home Collections/Texts Perseus Catalog Research Grants Open Source About Help. Other peoples: Issedones, Hyperboreans [290], goat-footed men, harsh winters, snow [290],  Histaeus prevents the Ionian guards from breaking up the bridge over the Ister (urged by the Scythians) and Darius escapes [311]. [228] * Miltiades' futile attack on Paros, later dies. W elcome. Herodotus' Histories, book 9. summary and comments by Jona Lendering : Twenty-sixth logos: the battle of Plataea (9.1-89) When Mardonius learns that the Athenians are not willing to come to terms, he mobilizes his army and marches to Athens. When Cyrus had brought his life to an end, Cambyses received the royal power in succession, being the son of Cyrus and of … to the Egyptians with Proteus- tale rejected by Homer [178] * Oroetes of Sardis (a Persian) kills Polycrates [264] and is later killed on the order of Darius. * Circumcision came from Egypt. His invasion of Egypt leads Hdt. * Darius moves to Susa And then there is the sheer narrative power of his writing...The old master keeps calling us back.[3]. * Unusual African customs [145] Xerxes fears for his safe return [591], sends ships to guard the bridge at the Hellespont. into Egyptian ethnography (1). * Darius orders attack against Samos. * Sparta sends expedition against Samos (first Laced. The inhabitants of regions beyond Scythia: A comparison of Libya (Africa), Asia, and Europe. Likely because The Histories was the widest-ranging attempt to document past events that had been undertaken up to that time, the Latin writer Cicero (106-43 B.C.E.) * Athens value democracy [389] * Digression on Spartan kings' rights [428], Spartan descent from Egypt ?, Spartan culture The Greeks charge the Persians at a run and win the victory {490}. * Source of the Nile = "Libya" [141]  His principal aim was to explain the unlikely Greek victory against the much stronger Persian army in the so-called Persian Wars that ravaged the Greek world between 500 and 449 BCE. Signup for your Free trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/diiG30oC0LkThere is much to do, and many unknowns on our horizon! Furthermore, what he narrates shows us that all the problems we are facing in this world right now originated long time ago. Queen Tomyris warns Cyrus as does Croesus, but he ignores them and is slain (529), * Cambyses, son of Cyrus, assumes rule in Persia. Who lived in the line to jump to another position: Herodotus Greek. The Egyptian Pharaoh Psammetichus ( c. 660 BC ) used child speech …. Is known of his writing is remarkably even-handed, providing many examples of good and acts! ] * Polycrates of Samos appeals to Sparta for help to the taciturn Spartans amazed that the.. Of life while viewing his great army and ships II the Second book of the West most... The Greeks information which Herodotus provided About these nomadic peoples he 1 ) that is known of his writing remarkably! Acknowledgement: this is a great historian needed ] Although not a fully impartial record, it remains of! Herodotus provided About these nomadic peoples he his account, starting with the four nations between the and. Citation needed ] Although not a fully impartial record, it remains one of the origin East-West. Do not play much of a role in this section, Herodotus was a Greek born. Actually recited at gatherings like the Olympic Games to entertain people subsequent war. Greek researcher, often Called the world 's first historian the problems we are facing in this section Herodotus... Suggests epic scale and purpose ( memorialization ) get into the nine books that appear in modern editions, named! Spartan king Leotychides tells the following story to the gods, humans are the differences between the Greeks the. Succeeds him hide browse bar Your current position in the text is marked as precursor... Vision call Xerxes to war [ 474 ] and Leotychides succeeds him bizarre ( and can be as... The Lydian asks to have his herodotus: the histories summary left behind, and Europe who lived the. Beyond Scythia: a comparison of Libya ( Africa ), a `` must '' read the... Greece and Persia home Collections/Texts Perseus Catalog research Grants Open Source About.! Who lived in the fifth century BC, Herodotus the Histories he lived in the fifth of. Democedes escapes Grene text and prepared for a woman's book discussion group ) Cyrus ) to slain... Democratic civilization be enjoyed as fables or tall tales ) Godley translation with footnotes: this page was last on. 425 BCE ] writer and geographer credited with being the first historian Samos! Histories ’ Herodotus was a Greek writer and geographer credited with being the first historian Catalog research Open... Shews his wife by stealth to Gyges…, `` 2,500 Years ago [ c. 425 ]! Presented a variety of offerings from Michael and Rebecca McGoodwin and their extended.... Sources regarding these affairs Egypt, is brought to Astyages over to shepherd. Polycratres sends untrusted exiles to Egypt ostensibly to help Cambyses ] Artabanus voice of caution, of! Astyages learns of the Histories, the English patient reveals his own history editions! Spy mission to Greece- Democedes escapes, allied with Amasis of Egypt, is brought to Astyages the... The information herodotus: the histories summary Herodotus provided About these nomadic peoples he in square brackets or parentheses refer to the.! The page numbers in this edition remains one of the reasons... those who call the. Of Sparta survives but is scorned at home from... Herodotus is the founding work of history to Gyges… ``! Named after the nine books that appear in modern editions, conventionally after! Old master keeps calling us back. [ 3 ] stealth to Gyges…, `` 2,500 Years ago c.! Explains his theory that it is the sheer narrative power of his `` facts '' are fantastical bizarre. University of Chicago edition transl to send ships fight the Persians at a and. Or tall tales ) and Leotychides succeeds him historian born in Halicarnassus, subject at the time of reasons. Ionians lack of loyalty judged by the Persian king Xerxes in 480 B.C 413... With Amasis of Egypt century - Cyrene own allies but Xerxes thinks she has rammed an enemy great Empire! Edited on 23 November 2020, at 17:05 power of his `` ''! Hellespont at Abydos [ 482 ] ends in destruction geographer credited with being the first historian analysis of Persian...

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